{"id":3452,"date":"2026-03-09T15:58:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T14:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/?p=3452"},"modified":"2026-03-10T16:21:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T15:21:41","slug":"interview-with-gwenola-le-drean-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/interview-with-gwenola-le-drean-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview with Gwenola Le Dr\u00e9an \u2013 Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading container has-text-color\" id=\"qu-est-ce-que-l-apprentissage-multisensoriel\" style=\"color:#3c7a95;font-size:50px\">Interview with Gwenola Le Dr\u00e9an \u2013 Part 2<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:58px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Photo-Gwenola-Le-Drean.jpg\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Photo-Gwenola-Le-Drean.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9069\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.8933277774884109;width:386px;height:auto\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Photo-Gwenola-Le-Drean.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-9069\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Photo-Gwenola-Le-Drean.jpg\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:58px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group grid-sensorielle container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-31f4136983419d1a3c7ecfbee5d035c6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Hello,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-01b4c4fb5e31713e35ac0e57aea56803 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><strong>Today we continue our interview with Gwenola Le Dr\u00e9an<\/strong>, physiologist and specialist in the gut-brain axis, who is a researcher at INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment) in the &#8220;Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations&#8221; laboratory (UMR 1280) which she co-directs in Nantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c6abd119e007f5b7ac03e84ec688425d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c6abd119e007f5b7ac03e84ec688425d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" style=\"color:#3c7a95;font-size:26px\"><strong><strong><strong>What are the effects of an unbalanced maternal diet during the prenatal period?<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-48b9371ff203d6f40b3c52e1a1f6fd05 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Numerous studies have documented the effects of an unbalanced maternal diet on foetal brain development and behavioural consequences later in life, such as sensitivity and response to stress in humans. This is also the case for memory processes in mice, linked to an alteration in neural progenitors, the stem cells that give rise to neurons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-dc568e0469e72793c030f278cc5b080c wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Thus, ultra-processed foods, added sugars and saturated fats, and depletion of essential vitamins and micronutrients such as zinc and selenium create cellular oxidative stress that causes chronic inflammation, which affects the blood-brain barrier and the brain. Exposure to a high-calorie diet rich in fat and sugar in the context of maternal obesity is known to be associated with negative consequences for children&#8217;s mental health, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A hyperglycaemic environment <em>in utero<\/em>, particularly if it occurs early in pregnancy during the<sup>first<\/sup> trimester, is also associated with ADHD in children. However, in cases of maternal obesity or gestational diabetes, it is difficult to separate the effects of maternal nutrition itself from the metabolic disorders affecting the mother on the future health of the baby. Animal models remain essential for achieving this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3519\" style=\"width:752px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright.png 590w, https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-3519\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/Image-4-copyright-300x244.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-b8d374ee198f9d1937658e980cb1f8e6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><em>                 \u00a9 David Faure<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:42px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95;font-size:26px\"><strong><strong><strong>Still during this prenatal period, can you tell us more about the activation of the immune system by the microbiota and the links with diet?<\/strong><\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e62dc9c38c4a43e3d0c0545b1fdbb16e wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">In clinical terms, the perinatal period is defined as the interval between the<sup>28th<\/sup> week of pregnancy and the first week of life. In the literature, perinatality sometimes refers to the first 1,000 days of life, from conception to weaning and the introduction of solid foods. It should be noted that breast milk is considered by paediatricians to be the gold standard of infant nutrition. Its composition is adapted to the needs of the child during postnatal development. While the protein and lactose content of breast milk is not greatly affected by the mother&#8217;s diet, at least 30% of its lipid content depends on the mother&#8217;s intake. It is well known that certain lipids are essential for neurodevelopment and brain function, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the omega-3 fatty acid that predominates in the human brain. Its accumulation begins during the<sup>third<\/sup> trimester of pregnancy and continues until the child is two years old. During this period, DHA is involved in the establishment of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Beneficial effects, although not systematic, of postnatal DHA supplementation on cognitive function have been reported, mainly in premature babies who did not accumulate sufficient DHA in the brain during the shortened pregnancy. However, at present, the modulation of the faecal microbiota composition of these children receiving DHA does not allow a direct causal link to be made with neurodevelopment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-67ef4e46d74be88cc6a8d5ca6f55df1f wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">On the other hand, an indirect mechanism involving activation of the immune system by the microbiota and inducing neuroinflammation, which, at critical periods of microbiota assembly and colonisation of the digestive tract, could play a major role and contribute to neurodevelopmental, behavioural and cognitive disorders. Thus, if we take the example of DHA again, supplementation increases the abundance of anti-inflammatory species such as <em>Bifidobacterium<\/em>, <em>Lactobacillus<\/em> and <em>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/em>. The metabolites produced by these bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, modulate the inflammatory response by reducing, for example, the production of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The well-documented anti-inflammatory effects of DHA could thus be mediated at least in part by its interactions with the host&#8217;s gut microbiota (5). It should also be noted that bacteria present in breast milk, such as <em>Lactobacillus<\/em>, <em>Staphylococcus<\/em>, <em>Enterococcus<\/em> and <em>Bifidobacterium<\/em>, are transferred to the infant through breastfeeding and may contribute to the assembly of the child&#8217;s microbiota. These bacteria are considered to be bioactive components of breast milk that have protective effects on the newborn&#8217;s immune system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-1-1-1024x1024.jpg\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-1-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9172\" style=\"width:752px;height:auto\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-1-1-1024x1024.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-9172\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-1-1-1024x1024.jpg\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6f6ee7ffe26c8fb5ee8e996507470720 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Infant formulae marketed as a replacement or supplement to breastfeeding have compositions that are similar but not identical to breast milk. They differ in particular in their protein content, which is higher in formulae in order to maintain sufficient levels of essential amino acids. Other elements are specific to human milk, such as oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the preferred substrates for the Bifidobacteria that are predominantly present in breastfed infants. Some of these HMOs have been associated with better cognitive development in children, particularly in the context of maternal obesity, but these data remain to be confirmed. Their concentration in breast milk varies depending on the mother&#8217;s diet. A Mediterranean-type diet with little red meat, consumption of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, and fruit and vegetables is more favourable than a Western-type diet high in fat and sugar (6). Infant formula supplements containing HMOs or other prebiotics, also known as &#8220;fibre&#8221;, are sugars that cannot be digested by our intestines but are highly valued by bacteria. They help to modulate the composition of the microbiota of non-breastfed children towards that of breastfed children. Dietary diversification and the introduction of solid foods increase the diversity of species composing the microbiome. The metabolic capacities of this microbiota adapt to the nutrients that arrive in the gut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c6abd119e007f5b7ac03e84ec688425d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-2.jpg\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9174\" style=\"width:740px;height:auto\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-2.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-9174\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2e-prix-pedagogique-2.jpg\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" style=\"color:#3c7a95;font-size:26px\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>After these fascinating explanations, how would you like to conclude?<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-92030b8093419f1c48f81a0c28a1e811 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><strong>In conclusion,<\/strong> it is important to emphasise that research into the impact of nutrition during the first 1,000 days on the microbiota-gut-brain axis is currently in full swing. The evidence of dysfunction in this axis in a growing number of diseases makes it a major therapeutic target for the future. Growing knowledge about the developmental origins of disease and health, and in particular the role of maternal and child nutrition in future health, makes this research a major challenge in disease prevention. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c6abd119e007f5b7ac03e84ec688425d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-818ff93ebe57acf1dce49c2c1377a06c wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">End of the second part of this interview. To access to the first part, <a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/interview-with-gwenola-le-drean-part-1\/\" id=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/interview-with-gwenola-le-drean-part-1\/\"><strong>click here<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/\" id=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/\">.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interview with Gwenloa Dr\u00e9an \u2013 Part 2.       The role of maternal and child nutrition in future health<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[13,14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interviews","category-parents-side","category-scientific-side"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interview with Gwenola Le Dr\u00e9an - part 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thanks to this interview, discover the Olfactory Awakening Manual for young and old, created by the Nez En Herbe association.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/interview-with-gwenola-le-drean-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview with Gwenola Le Dr\u00e9an - 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