{"id":3083,"date":"2025-04-09T09:22:52","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T07:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/?p=3083"},"modified":"2025-04-09T09:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T07:25:14","slug":"project-the-facilitating-effect-of-odours-on-infant-vision-declines-between-4-and-12-months","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/project-the-facilitating-effect-of-odours-on-infant-vision-declines-between-4-and-12-months\/","title":{"rendered":"Project &#8220;The facilitating effect of odours on infant vision declines between 4 and 12 months&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center container has-text-color\" style=\"color:#3c7a95;font-size:50px\"><strong>Project <strong>&#8220;The facilitating effect of odours on infant vision declines between 4 and 12 months&#8221;<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:150px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading container has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-155be057baf6dacfcb77e00588ee0209\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><strong>1st prize 2024 for scientific research from the &#8220;5 senses for kids Foundation&#8221; in partnership with the &#8220;Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Neurosciences<\/strong>&#8220;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n                    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" \r\n                        width=\"100%\" \r\n                        height=\"800\" \r\n                        id=\"\" \r\n                        class=\"dgwww_video_youtube \" \r\n                        src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xpPB_8AiUbk?autoplay=1&mute=1&loop=1&color=white&playlist=xpPB_8AiUbk\" \r\n                        title=\"\" \r\n                        frameborder=\"0\" \r\n                        allow=\"accelerometer ; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share ;mute ;loop\" \r\n                        allowfullscreen=\"\"\r\n                    ><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-d234dc9672ef01acdc72eded767d598e\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Background and objective of the project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-d9c901263b5608d3584a3beb9e73dff9 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">For infants, the so-called &#8220;dominant&#8221; sense for our species &#8211; sight &#8211; is still underdeveloped. At birth, visual acuity is very poor and colour vision absent. It will take almost a year for the visual system to reach a level of maturity approaching that of an adult, and several more years to learn to recognise objects in the visual environment quickly and accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-d2c02bd6f8e7984e15e2b9a60e7ffcff wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">On the other hand, the sense of smell &#8211; considered to be of little use in humans &#8211; develops early and plays an active role in early learning. It has been shown, for example, that the foetus learns the odours it encounters in the amniotic fluid and can recognise them after birth. The smell of the mother, in particular, is a source of familiarity for the infant, who uses it in particular for feeding. This smell, which is so special to young children, serves many other functions during their first months of life, such as stimulating their alertness and reassuring them as they learn new information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-7dd3aa5bc063f0c7f91222ea0fe739bc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Previous work by our team has repeatedly demonstrated the role of the mother&#8217;s smell in the infant&#8217;s development. In particular, we have shown that at 4 months, the presence of the mother&#8217;s smell improves face categorisation (the ability to quickly recognise that a visual stimulus is a face and not another visual category), a task that is still difficult for the young 4-month-old brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6372f23cfbcbe4a1b0c9d23eb32e9a34 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">In this project, we therefore asked ourselves how this facilitating effect of the mother&#8217;s smell evolves over the following months, as the infant learns to recognise faces through the visual channel alone?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-1.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7746\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-1.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-7746\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-1.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aa1a3856b85f11df346e01d645f803dd wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Photo credit Diane Rekow and Arnaud Leleu <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong>An infant in a car seat facing a screen showing a sequence of images containing faces. Its brain activity is recorded by EEG and it is tucked into a T-shirt worn by its mother to diffuse her smell.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:59px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-f1450d7e6dd6fd02782005fec16b3b66\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">Project description and results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-eb20b9982e71763588926cd5365ad261 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">To answer this question, we again measured the influence of the mother&#8217;s smell on the categorisation of faces for infants aged between 4 and 12 months, this time in order to identify whether the effect of smell depends on visual development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-21879bd1922f2ff4580ae35c0bd56956 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">The infants and their parents were taken to our &#8216;baby-lab&#8217;, which is equipped to analyse the behaviour and brain activity of young children. The latter was used to measure their ability to categorise faces. To do this, we used electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive and painless method that involves placing sensors (electrodes) on the infant&#8217;s scalp to measure the electrical activity of their brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-cc3c300d086aa815ac273f226bbe74d4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">While their brain activity was being measured, the infants viewed sequences of images on a screen. These images represented various categories of objects or animals as well as human faces, which were presented at regular intervals in the sequence. This presentation of faces at a regular rate made it possible to analyse the response of the infant&#8217;s brain to this same rate. This response is then a cerebral marker of the ability to categorise the faces in relation to the other categories presented. During the visual stimulation, the infants were alternately exposed to a T-shirt worn by their mother during the 3 nights preceding the experiment, or to an unworn T-shirt that served as a smell control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-9d0af01c01d8f37e63c70d47b4f500e4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">As expected, the results initially showed a stronger and more complex brain response to faces between 4 and 12 months of age, indicating a gradual improvement in this ability as the infant grew older. Conversely, the facilitating effect of the mother&#8217;s smell, found at 4 months in the form of a stronger response to faces in the presence of this smell, gradually diminished until it disappeared at 12 months. This indicates a gradual decline in the help provided by the mother&#8217;s smell, as the infant&#8217;s visual system becomes capable of categorising faces on its own. In short, this project shows how the sense of smell assists vision in infants until sight reaches sufficient maturity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7751\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-7751\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The effect of the mother&#8217;s smell (difference between the T-shirt worn by the mother and the control T-shirt) on the brain&#8217;s response to faces diminishes between 4 months (110 days) and 12 months (380 days).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-289a38fe79735f9e956e221247e3a1c9\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><strong>Impact of the project<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-391ba6a7e70f768fa2b65e608b7ef411 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\">The way in which the senses interact during a child&#8217;s development has always intrigued and fascinated scientists. Through this project, we are showing how integration between the senses is useful for the sensory development of the infant, with the more mature senses, such as smell, helping the less developed senses, such as sight, until the latter become capable of recognising the environment on their own. It is therefore important, when supporting the sensory development of young children, to take into account all the senses and their relationships, and not to neglect a sense such as smell, which is so often relegated to second place for young children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1.jpg\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8147\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-8147\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1.jpg\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f90a5899a0952214e4753b0fa8e9d61b wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c7a95\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1st scientific prize 2024: a project that helps us understand the role of the mother\u2019s smell during infant development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projects"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interview with Narimane Khodri from the C\u00e9KeDuBonheur association<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Interview with Narimane Khodri, project manager for the C\u00e9KeDuBonheur association. Missions, objectives, motivations... She talks to us about a number of topics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/5senses4kids.org\/en\/project-the-facilitating-effect-of-odours-on-infant-vision-declines-between-4-and-12-months\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview with Narimane Khodri from the C\u00e9KeDuBonheur association\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Interview with Narimane Khodri, project manager for the C\u00e9KeDuBonheur association. Missions, objectives, motivations... 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